Allied & ICAR Exam Bank • ALLIED_0354 NAT • 2 Marks

Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering

Fluid Mechanics in SWCE

Subtopic: Fluid Mechanics in SWCE

Question Statement:

A horizontal pipe suddenly enlarges from cross-sectional area $A_1 = 0.01\text{ m}^2$ to $A_2 = 0.04\text{ m}^2$. Water discharge is $Q = 0.04\text{ m}^3/\text{s}$. Taking $g = 9.81\text{ m/s}^2$, head loss at enlargement in meters is (rounded off to two decimal places):

Answer Key:

0.46

Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation

$v_1 = 0.04 / 0.01 = 4.0\text{ m/s}$, $v_2 = 0.04 / 0.04 = 1.0\text{ m/s}$. $h_L = \frac{(4.0 - 1.0)^2}{2 \times 9.81} = \frac{9}{19.62} = 0.4587\text{ m} \approx 0.46\text{ m}$.
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