Allied & ICAR Exam Bank • ALLIED_0527 MCQ • 1 Mark

Section 5: Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Sprinkler and Micro Irrigation

Subtopic: Sprinkler and Micro Irrigation

Question Statement:

Christiansen's reduction factor $F$ is used in sprinkler lateral friction loss calculation ($h_f = F \cdot h_L$) to account for:

Options:

  • (A) Discharge decreasing progressively along the lateral as water is drawn off at successive sprinkler nozzles
  • (B) Thermal expansion of PVC pipe
  • (C) Pipe slope changes
  • (D) Wind drift losses

Answer Key:

A

Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation

As flow diminishes downstream at each outlet, total friction loss is reduced by factor $F$ (for large number of outlets $N \ge 15$, $F \approx \frac{1}{m+1} \approx 0.35-0.36$ for Hazen-Williams $m=1.852$).
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