Allied & ICAR Exam Bank • ALLIED_0691 MCQ • 1 Mark

Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering

Heat and Mass Transfer in Food Processing

Subtopic: Heat and Mass Transfer in Food Processing

Question Statement:

Fouling (milk stone deposition) on heat exchanger plates during thermal treatment of milk is primarily caused by:

Options:

  • (A) Denaturation and surface deposition of whey proteins ($\beta$-lactoglobulin) along with calcium phosphate precipitation
  • (B) Lactose sugar crystallization
  • (C) Pure fat melting
  • (D) Rusting of stainless steel 316

Answer Key:

A

Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation

Above $65-70^\circ\text{C}$, $\beta$-lactoglobulin unfolds, exposing reactive thiol groups that form insoluble aggregates with $\kappa$-casein and precipitate calcium phosphate.
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