Thermal Processing and Kinetics

The Flow Diversion Valve (FDV) installed at the exit of the holding tube in an HTST pasteurizer automatically diverts milk back to the raw milk balance tank whenever:

Options:

• (A) Milk temperature at the holding tube exit drops below the statutory legal setpoint (e.g.,
  lt; 72^\circ\text{C}$)
• (B) Milk fat is too high
• (C) Flow velocity is zero
• (D) Milk pressure exceeds 10 bar