Thermal Processing and Kinetics

For a reference temperature $T_{ref} = 121.1^\circ\text{C}$ and $z = 10^\circ\text{C}$, the lethal rate $L = 10^{(T - T_{ref})/z}$. At retort temperature $T = 124.11^\circ\text{C}$ where $(T - T_{ref})/z = 0.30103$ and $10^{0.30103} = 2.0$, holding food at this temperature for 5.0 minutes delivers an equivalent lethality $F_0$ (in minutes) of: