Allied & ICAR Exam Bank • ALLIED_1327 MCQ • 1 Mark

Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering

Heat and Mass Transfer in Food Processing

Subtopic: Fouling in Milk Pasteurizers

Question Statement:

Thermal fouling deposits on heat exchanger plates during milk pasteurization (Type A deposit at 75 to 85 degrees Celsius) consist predominantly of:

Options:

  • (A) Denatured whey protein (beta-lactoglobulin) and calcium phosphate complex
  • (B) Pure lactose sugar crystals
  • (C) Pure butterfat crystals
  • (D) Microbial biofilm only

Answer Key:

A

Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation

Type A soft proteinaceous fouling occurs above $75^\circ\text{C}$ due to thermal denaturation and aggregation of $\beta$-lactoglobulin with $\kappa$-casein and calcium phosphate on heated plate walls.
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