Allied & ICAR Exam Bank • ALLIED_1341NAT • 2 Marks
Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering
Thermal Processing and Kinetics
Subtopic: Sterilization Lethality Integration
Question Statement:
A batch retorting thermal process has a heating phase delivering $F_0 = 1.2\text{ min}$, a steady holding phase delivering $F_0 = 4.0\text{ min}$, and a cooling phase delivering $F_0 = 0.8\text{ min}$. The total process lethality $F_0$ (in minutes) is: