Sources of Power

Raw non-edible vegetable oil (e.g. Jatropha, Pongamia) cannot be directly used in modern high-pressure common-rail diesel engines without modification primarily due to its:

Options:

• (A) Extremely high kinematic viscosity causing poor atomization, injector coking, and piston ring sticking
• (B) Lack of carbon content
• (C) Excessive volatility causing early detonation
• (D) High electrical conductivity