Question Statement:
Which of the following engineering and sanitary provisions are mandatory in continuous High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) milk pasteurization systems?
Options:
- (A) A flow diversion valve (FDV) located downstream of the holding tube that automatically diverts sub-legal temperature milk back to the balance tank.
- (B) Maintaining pasteurized milk pressure in the regenerator at least $7\text{ kPa}$ ($1\text{ psi}$) higher than raw milk pressure to prevent cross-contamination in case of plate leaks.
- (C) A holding tube sloped upward toward the flow diversion valve (at least $2\text{ cm/m}$) to eliminate air pockets.
- (D) Direct contact between raw boiler steam and milk inside the holding tube.