Question Bank • QB_DFE_EXP_031 MCQ • 1 Mark

Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering

Unit Operations in Dairy and Food Engineering

Subtopic: Sterilization

Question Statement:

Which membrane separation process has the smallest pore size rating and separates dissolved mineral ions and monovalent salts via osmotic pressure gradients?

Options:

  • (A) Reverse Osmosis ($RO$)
  • (B) Ultrafiltration ($UF$)
  • (C) Microfiltration ($MF$)
  • (D) Nanofiltration ($NF$)

Answer Key:

A

Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation

Membrane filtration pore size ranking (finest to coarsest): 1. Reverse Osmosis ($RO$):
lt; 0.001\;\mu\text{m}$, rejects all monovalent and multivalent salts. 2. Nanofiltration ($NF$): $0.001 - 0.01\;\mu\text{m}$, rejects divalent ions and sugars. 3. Ultrafiltration ($UF$): $0.01 - 0.1\;\mu\text{m}$, concentrates proteins and macromolecules. 4. Microfiltration ($MF$): $0.1 - 10\;\mu\text{m}$, separates fat globules and bacteria.
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