During high-pressure homogenization of liquid milk at $15\text{--}25\text{ MPa}$, fat globules undergo disruption and size reduction through which of the following combined hydrodynamic mechanisms?
Options:
(A) Intense elongational and shear stress in the converging homogenizing valve gap
(B) Cavitation bubble collapse and shockwaves as pressure drops abruptly below liquid vapor pressure
(C) Turbulent micro-eddy inertial collisions and droplet shattering
(D) Impact and impingement against the hard wear/breaker ring
Answer Key:
A, B, C, D
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
Homogenization valve physics involves high shear (A), cavitation bubble collapse (B), turbulent Kolmogorov eddies (C), and physical impingement on the breaker ring (D). Electromagnetic arcing is fictitious.