Premises:
1. All certified seed drills require calibration prior to field sowing.
2. Machine X does not require calibration prior to field sowing.
What can be logically concluded regarding Machine X?
Options:
(A) Machine X is a defective certified seed drill.
(B) Machine X is not a certified seed drill.
(C) Machine X is an automatic precision planter.
(D) Machine X operates without sowing seeds.
Answer Key:
B
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
This is a direct application of Modus Tollens (denying the consequent): If $P$ then $Q$. Not $Q$. Therefore, not $P$. Since Machine X does not require calibration, Machine X cannot be a certified seed drill.