Section 4: Soil and Water Conservation Engineering
Watershed Management
Subtopic: Water budgeting in watershed
Question Statement:
Which of the following watershed conservation measures directly increase subsurface groundwater recharge and reduce peak storm runoff volume in a catchment water budget?
Options:
(A) Contour trenching, continuous contour bunding, and vegetative vegetative barriers
(B) Construction of check dams, loose boulder structures, and percolation tanks across stream beds
(C) Extensive afforestation, agroforestry, and silvipasture development on upper catchment slopes
(D) Clear-felling of indigenous forests followed by rapid urban impervious paving
Answer Key:
A, B, C
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
- Statements A, B, and C are proven watershed interventions that retard runoff velocity, extend infiltration contact time, and augment groundwater recharge.
- Statement D accelerates peak runoff rates, induces catastrophic flash flooding, and eliminates groundwater recharge.