Allied & ICAR Exam Bank • ALLIED_0973 MCQ • 1 Mark

Section 7: Dairy and Food Engineering

Thermal Processing and Sterilization

Subtopic: Pasteurization and Sterilization

Question Statement:

In ohmic (Joule) heating of liquid-particulate food mixtures, heat is generated internally according to:

Options:

  • (A) $q''' = \sigma |\vec{E}|^2$, where $\sigma$ is electrical conductivity and $E$ is electric field strength
  • (B) $q''' = k \nabla T$
  • (C) $q''' = \sigma / E$
  • (D) $q''' = E / \sigma^2$

Answer Key:

A

Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation

Ohmic heating dissipates electrical energy directly as volumetric internal heat ($q''' = \vec{J} \cdot \vec{E} = \sigma E^2$), enabling uniform heating of solid food chunks and liquid phase simultaneously without hot heat transfer surfaces.
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