Thermal Processing and Sterilization

For *Clostridium botulinum* with $z = 10^\circ\text{C}$ and reference temperature $T_{ref} = 121.1^\circ\text{C}$, the lethal rate at retort temperature $T = 124.11^\circ\text{C}$ is $L = 10^{(124.11 - 121.1)/10} = 10^{0.30103}$. Since $10^{0.30103} = 2.0$, holding at this temperature for $t = 3.0\text{ minutes}$ delivers an equivalent lethality $F_0 = L \times t = 2.0 \times 3.0$ in minutes: