Question Statement:
For effective mechanical scour during CIP acid/alkali wash, standard 3-A sanitary guidelines specify a minimum fluid velocity of $1.5\text{ m/s}$. In a sanitary pipe of inner diameter $D = 0.05\text{ m}$ (area $A = \frac{\pi}{4} D^2 = \frac{3.1416}{4} \times 0.0025 = 0.0019635\text{ m}^2$), the volumetric flow rate required to maintain velocity $v = 1.5\text{ m/s}$ is $Q = A v = 0.0019635 \times 1.5 = 0.002945\text{ m}^3/\text{s}$. Converting to L/s ($0.002945 \times 1000$), the flow rate in L/s (rounded off to one decimal place) is: